{"id":71807,"date":"2025-09-05T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/?p=71807"},"modified":"2025-09-05T10:22:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T14:22:41","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%96%b0%e8%a6%96%e7%95%8c%e3%80%91%e8%a5%bf%e5%ad%b8%e6%9d%b1%e6%bc%b8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%b8%e5%95%9f%e8%92%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/archives\/71807","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u65b0\u8996\u754c\u3011\u897f\u5b78\u6771\u6f38\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u555f\u8499"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"345\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/LOGO-345x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-71808\" style=\"width:202px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/LOGO-345x300.jpg 345w, https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/LOGO.jpg 380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u738b \u9326<br>\uff08\u897f\u5b89 \u65b0\u6771\u65b9\u6c83\u51f1\u5fb7\uff08\u965c\u897f\uff09\u6587\u65c5\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">\u5f9e\u5229\u746a\u7ac7\uff08Matteo Ricci\uff0c1552\u20141610\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u5165\u83ef\u81f3\u4e94\u56db\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u201c\u897f\u5b78\u6771\u6f38\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u6d3b\u52d5\u3002\u5229\u746a\u7ac7\u5165\u83ef\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u6b63\u8655\u65bc\u660e\u671d\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u96d6\u7136\u958b\u59cb\u840c\u82bd\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u5df2\u7d93\u9060\u9060\u843d\u5f8c\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u58eb\u4eba\u6975\u5c11\u95dc\u6ce8\u73fe\u5be6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ca\u81f3\u660e\u672b\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u958b\u660e\u4eba\u58eb\u958b\u59cb\u5d07\u5c1a\u5be6\u5b78\uff0c\u64bc\u52d5\u4e86\u6f22\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u70ba\u897f\u5b78\u7684\u50b3\u5165\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5951\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u4e5f\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u9ad4\u7cfb\u5f62\u6210\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u6b63\u5f9e\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u5411\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u904e\u6e21\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5be6\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u6642\u671f\u3002\u7bc4\u2027\u8d6b\u723e\u8499\u7279\uff08Jan Baptista van Helmont\uff0c1580\uff0d1644\uff09\u9032\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u6c23\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u6ce2\u7fa9\u8033\uff08Robert Boyle\uff0c1627\u20141691\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5fae\u7c92\u54f2\u5b78\u3002\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\uff08Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier\uff0c1743\u5e74\u20141794\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5143\u7d20\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5275\u7acb\u6c27\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u91cf\u5b88\u6052\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u9053\u723e\u9813\uff08John Dalton\uff0c1766\uff0d1844\uff09\u767c\u73fe\u500d\u6bd4\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5316\u5b78\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u963f\u4f0f\u52a0\u5fb7\u7f85\uff08Amedeo Avogadro\uff0c1776\u20141856\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u5206\u5b50\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u8c9d\u91c7\u5c3c\u70cf\u65af\uff08Jons Jakob Berzelius\uff0c1779\u20141848\uff09\u7528\u6c27\u70ba\u6a19\u6e96\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u4e86\u5143\u7d20\u539f\u5b50\u91cf\u30021860\u5e74\u53ec\u958b\u570b\u969b\u5316\u5b78\u5927\u6703\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7522\u751f\u4e26\u78ba\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u6b64\u6642\u50b3\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u667a\u8b58\u767c\u5c55\u9084\u662f\u793e\u6703\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u66f8\u7c4d\u53ca\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5f35\u5b50\u9ad8\u3001\u694a\u6839\u3001\u5f90\u632f\u4e9e\u3001\u9ec3\u9e9f\u51f1\u3001\u8076\u99a5\u73b2\u3001\u5b63\u9d3b\u5d11\u3001\u738b\u63da\u5b97\u3001\u4f55\u6d93\u7b49\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7b46\u8005\u4e0d\u63e3\u5192\u6627\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u6587\u737b\u6838\u6b63\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u524d\u8f29\u5b78\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u540c\u4e00\u4e3b\u984c\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u7d9c\u5408\u6027\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u5f9e\u5f8c\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u897f\u5b78\u6771\u6f38\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5efa\u7acb\u3002\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u201c\u5f8c\u7149\u91d1\u8853\u6642\u671f\u201d\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u6280\u85dd\uff0c\u5982\u91ab\u85e5\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u51b6\u91d1\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u706b\u85e5\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u50b3\u5165\u7684\u9084\u5305\u62ec\u65e9\u671f\u6a38\u7d20\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c4d\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u58eb\u9ad8\u4e00\u5fd7\uff08Alfonso Vagnone\uff0c1568\u20141640\uff09\u5728\u660e\u4ee3\u5929\u555f\u516d\u5e74\uff081626\u5e74\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u7a7a\u969b\u683c\u81f4\u300b\uff0c\u6700\u5148\u5411\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u5165\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u662f\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\uff08Aristotle\uff0c\u524d384\u2014\u524d322\uff09\u7684\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u8aaa\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c4d\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u58eb\u718a\u4e09\u62d4\uff08Sabbatino de Ursis\uff0c1575\u20141620\uff09\u65bc1606\u5e74\u4f86\u83ef\uff0c\u4ed6\u7de8\u5beb\u7684\u300a\u85e5\u9732\u8aaa\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u897f\u85e5\u88fd\u4f5c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u5716\u89e3\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u84b8\u993e\u88fd\u85e5\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5668\u5177\u30021610\u20141620\u5e74\uff0c\u5f90\u5149\u555f\uff081562\uff0d1633\uff09\u8207\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u9127\u7389\u51fd\uff08Johann Schreck\uff0c1576\u20141630\uff09\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e86\u300a\u9020\u5f37\u6c34\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u785d\u9178\u7684\u88fd\u6cd5\u3002\u660e\u672b1643\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u7c4d\u8036\u7a4c\u6703\u58eb\u6e6f\u82e5\u671b\uff08Johann Adam Schall von Bell\uff0c1592\u20141666\uff09\u53e3\u6388\u6240\u8457\u300a\u706b\u653b\u6308\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u897f\u65b9\u706b\u85e5\u7684\u914d\u65b9\u3001\u88fd\u6cd5\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e86\u5fb7\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7926\u51b6\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u683c\u91cc\u79d1\u62c9\uff08Georgius Agricola\uff0c1494\u20141555\uff09\u768410\u5377\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u5764\u8f3f\u683c\u81f4\u300b\uff08Dere Metallica\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u7926\u51b6\u6280\u8853\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u7576\u6642\u8f03\u70ba\u5148\u9032\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u51b6\u7149\u6280\u8853\u3002\u6e05\u671d\u521d\u5e74\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u65b9\u6fdf\u5404\u6703\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u77f3\u9438\u742d\uff08Pedro de la Pinuela\uff0c1650\u20141704\uff09\u7de8\u8457\u4e86\u300a\u672c\u8349\u88dc\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u85e5\u7269\u5b78\uff0c\u5171\u6536\u9304\u897f\u6d0b\u85e5\u7269\u516d\u985e\u6578\u5341\u7a2e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u66f8\u7c4d\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u5f62\u6210\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u65b9\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e2d\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6216\u91ab\u85e5\u5c08\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19\u4e16\u7d00\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u521d\u6b65\u78ba\u7acb\u5f8c\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7406\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u9010\u6f38\u5f9e\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u5165\u4e2d\u570b\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u50b3\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u7ffb\u8b6f\u897f\u65b9\u5c08\u8457\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u8b6f\u8457\u6309\u5167\u5bb9\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u70ba\u666e\u901a\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u5206\u6790\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u85e5\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u8fb2\u696d\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u901a\u4fd7\u5316\u5b78\u3002\u53c3\u8207\u8b6f\u8457\u7684\u9664\u5916\u570b\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5bb6\u548c\u5c0d\u5316\u5b78\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u79d1\u8209\u5236\u4e26\u672a\u88ab\u5ee2\u9664\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u6c88\u6d78\u5728\u79d1\u8209\u53d6\u58eb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u897f\u5b78\u7684\u53d7\u773e\u9762\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002\u4e0b\u6587\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u5316\u5b78\u66f8\u7c4d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5316\u5b78\u666e\u53ca\u66f8\u7c4d\u7684\u68b3\u7406\uff0c\u4f86\u8003\u5bdf19\u4e16\u7d00\u81f3\u4e94\u56db\u65b0\u6587\u5316\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u5167\u5bb9\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u5960\u57fa\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u666e\u901a\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u5f15\u5165<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u5316\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u7d39\u7576\u6642\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u591a\u8b6f\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u5168\u90e8\u63a1\u7528\u6587\u8a00\u8a9e\u9ad4\u548c\u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u9ad4\uff0c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5916\u570b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8005\u53e3\u8b6f\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8005\u7b46\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u521d\u7d1a\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u64da\u82f1\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u7de8\u8b6f\u800c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u521d\u968e\u300b\u5168\u66f8\u52062\u518a4\u5377\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\u539f\u8457\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u97cb\u800c\u53f8\u6240\u8457Well\u2019s Principles of Chemistry\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8a72\u66f8\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u5317\u9577\u8001\u6703\u7684\u50b3\u6559\u91ab\u751f\u5609\u7d04\u7ff0\u53e3\u8b6f\u3001\u4f55\u77ad\u7136\u7b46\u8ff0\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4f86\u83ef\u5f8c\u5728\u5ee3\u5dde\u535a\u6fdf\u91ab\u5c40\u6559\u6388\u91ab\u85e5\u5b78\u548c\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5bb6\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u55ac\u6cbb\u2027\u7d22\u7f85\u65af\uff08George Fownes\uff0c1815\u20131849\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u624b\u518a\u300bManual of Chemistry\u4e2d\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u4e0d\u50c5\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u4e0d\u6ec5\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u9084\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e8664\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5176\u6309\u7167\u6027\u8cea\u5206\u985e\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u521d\u968e\u300b\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u666e\u53ca\u985e\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u8b6f\u540d\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u548c\u76f8\u7e7c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e2d\u6587\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u540d\u7a31\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u7531\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u7e8c\u7de8\u300b\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u88dc\u7de8\u300b\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u6210\u66f8\u65bc1871\u30011875\u548c1879\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u5085\u862d\u96c5\u548c\u5f90\u58fd\uff081818\u20141884\uff09\u8b6f\u8ff0\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u5217\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u7531\u6c5f\u5357\u6a5f\u5668\u88fd\u9020\u7e3d\u5c40\uff08\u7c21\u7a31\u6c5f\u5357\u88fd\u9020\u5c40\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u539f\u8457\u548c\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u521d\u968e\u300b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u97cb\u800c\u53f8\u6240\u8457\u7684Well\u2019s Principles of Chemistry\uff0c\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u7e8c\u7de8\u300b\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u88dc\u7de8\u300b\u7684\u539f\u8457\u5247\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u84b2\u9678\u5c71\u6240\u8457\u7684Chemistry \u548c Inorganic and Organic\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u90e8\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u5316\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u3001\u91d1\u5c6c\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u3001\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u9084\u6709\u5316\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u7121\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u5316\u5b78\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d395\u7a2e\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u88fd\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7b2c3\u5377\u4ecb\u7d3910\u7a2e\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u767c\u73fe\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u88fd\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u7b2c4\u20146\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u91d1\u5c6c\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u7e8c\u7de8\u300b24\u5377\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7d39\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9452\u539f\u88dc\u7de8\u300b\u7b2c1\u20144\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c\u7b2c5\u20146\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u91d1\u5c6c\uff0c\u9644\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u5316\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5085\u862d\u96c5\u548c\u5f90\u58fd\u5728\u8b6f\u8ff0\u9019\u4e09\u90e8\u66f8\u6642\u9996\u5275\u4e86\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u97f3\u548c\u6f22\u5b57\u97f3\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u547d\u540d\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u4e2d\u897f\u540d\u5143\u7d20\u5c0d\u7167\u8868\u300b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u540c\u6a23\u70ba\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5316\u5b78\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5316\u5b78\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7406\u5ff5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u885b\u751f\u8ad6\u300b\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u65e9\u8b6f\u8ff0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5316\u5b78\u555f\u8499\u8b80\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u5085\u862d\u96c5\u548c\u6b12\u5b78\u8b19\u5408\u4f5c\u8b6f\u6210\uff0c\u6210\u66f8\u65bc1876\u5e74\u3002\u5176\u539f\u8457\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u771f\u53f8\u9a30\u6240\u8457The Chemistry of Life\uff08\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u7531\u7f85\u4ee5\u53f8\u4fee\u8a02\u30021876\u20141881\u5e74\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u5728\u300a\u683c\u81f4\u532f\u7de8\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u5171\u9023\u8f09\u4e8633\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f8c\u53c8\u7531\u683c\u81f4\u66f8\u5ba4\u548c\u4e0a\u6d77\u5ee3\u5b78\u6703\u91cd\u5370\u4e864\u5377\u6728\u677f\u55ae\u884c\u672c\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u4e3b\u8981\u8b1b\u89e3\u57fa\u790e\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u71df\u990a\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u4eba\u8207\u7a7a\u6c23\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u8fb2\u696d\u548c\u98df\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6cb9\u8102\u3001\u6dc0\u7c89\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff08\u7576\u6642\u5206\u5225\u7a31\u70ba\u662f\u6cb9\u8cea\u3001\u5c0f\u7c89\u3001\u54e5\u8def\u767b\uff09\u7b49\u71df\u990a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u98df\u7528\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u98f2\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u7cd6\u548c\u5404\u5f0f\u53ef\u63d0\u53d6\u7cd6\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cd6\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u5de5\u85dd\u3001\u5404\u985e\u9152\u7684\u91c0\u9020\u5de5\u85dd\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5371\u5bb3\u7b49\u3002\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u6bd2\u54c1\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u548c\u88fd\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff08\u5982\u9999\u6cb9\u3001\u677e\u9999\u3001\u6a1f\u8166\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u539f\u6750\u6599\u8207\u88fd\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\u4ecb\u7d39\u6d88\u5316\u3001\u547c\u5438\u8207\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u885b\u751f\u8ad6\u300b\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u8207\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5e38\u8b58\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u6c92\u6709\u6666\u6f80\u96e3\u61c2\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7528\u76f4\u767d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u4eba\u9ad4\u548c\u751f\u547d\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e26\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u65e9\u671f\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u696d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u5316\u5b78\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8b6f\u8457\u662f1872\u5e74\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u5085\u862d\u96c5\u548c\u5f90\u58fd\u4e4b\u5b50\u5f90\u5efa\u5bc5\uff081845\u20141901\uff09\u5408\u8b6f\u3001\u6c5f\u5357\u88fd\u9020\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u539f\u300b\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u539f\u300b\u8b6f\u81ea\u82f1\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u9b91\u66fc\uff08J. E. Bowman\uff09\u6240\u8457\u300a\u5be6\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u53ca\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6\u300b\uff08An Introduction to Practical Chemistry, Including Analysis\uff09\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u51718\u5377\u3002\u7b2c1\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u5316\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\u3001\u73bb\u7483\u5100\u5668\u7684\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b2c2\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u5439\u706b\u7b52\u5c0d\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u91d1\u5c6c\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u5c6c\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u9452\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u7b2c3\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u8986\u96dc\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u548c\u6aa2\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c4\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u5408\u7269\u548c\u8986\u96dc\u5316\u5408\u7269\u6eb6\u65bc\u6c34\u548c\u6eb6\u65bc\u9178\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7b2c5\u5377\u7528\u7b2c2\u20144\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\u548c\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c6\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u9a57\u548c\u5100\u5668\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6750\u6599\u3001\u5100\u5668\u7684\u88fd\u5099\u548c\u5100\u5668\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c7\u5377\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e38\u7528\u8a66\u5291\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u96dc\u8cea\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b2c8\u5377\u7f85\u5217\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6578\u64da\u8868\u548c\u9452\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5716\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u539f\u300b\u6bd4\u8f03\u5168\u9762\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u548c\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5316\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u85dd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u696d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53c3\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9019\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8b6f\u8457\uff0c\u9664\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u539f\u300b\u4ee5\u9b91\u66fc\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u5be6\u7528\u5316\u5b78\u53ca\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u5c0e\u8ad6\u300b\u70ba\u5e95\u672c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5747\u53c3\u8003\u5fb7\u570b\u5bcc\u91cc\u897f\u5c3c\u70cf\u53f8\u548c\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\uff08Justus von Liebig\uff0c1803\u20141873\uff09\u5b78\u6d3e\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5c07\u540c\u6642\u671f\u897f\u65b9\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u5316\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u65b0\u3001\u6700\u5168\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e26\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u4e86\u570b\u4eba\u9762\u524d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e2d\u897f\u85e5\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u548c\u8fb2\u696d\u5316\u5b78\u532f\u878d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u842c\u570b\u85e5\u65b9\u300b\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u6d2a\u58eb\u63d0\uff08Stephen A. Hunter\uff09\u6839\u64da\u601d\u5feb\u723e\uff08Squier\uff09\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u570b\u85e5\u5178\u53c3\u8003\u300b\uff08Companion to the British 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\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u5716\uff0c\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u91ab\u751f\u5408\u4fe1\uff08B. Hobson\uff09\u8b6f\u8ff0\u3001\u58a8\u6d77\u66f8\u9928\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u5165\u9580\u300b\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u50b3\u6559\u58eb\u4e01\u97d9\u826f\uff08William Alexander Parsons Martin\uff09\u8b6f\u8ff0\u3001\u540c\u6587\u9928\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u555f\u8499\u300b\u6709\u5169\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u662f\u6c5f\u5357\u88fd\u9020\u5c40\u7684\u6797\u6a02\u77e5\u8207\u912d\u660c\u68ea\u7684\u8b6f\u8457\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u4eba\u827e\u7d04\u745f\uff08J. Edkins\uff09\u6240\u8b6f\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5c6c\u65bc\u827e\u7d04\u745f\u672c\u4eba\u300a\u897f\u5b78\u555f\u8499\u5341\u516d\u7a2e\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u3002\u9019\u5169\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u64da\u82f1\u570b\u7f85\u65af\u53e4\uff08H. E. Roscoe\uff09\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u555f\u8499\u53e2\u66f8\u2027\u5316\u5b78\u7bc7\u300b\uff08Science Primer Series\u2027Chemistry\uff09\u6240\u8b6f\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u9808\u77e5\u300b\u7531\u5085\u862d\u96c5\u8b6f\u8457\u3001\u6c5f\u5357\u88fd\u9020\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u300a\u5316\u5b78\u65b0\u7de8\u300b\u7531\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u798f\u958b\u68ee\uff08J. C. Ferguson\uff09\u7de8\u5beb\u3001\u674e\u5929\u76f8\u6574\u7406\u7ffb\u8b6f\u3001\u91d1\u9675\u532f\u6587\u66f8\u82d1\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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