{"id":19311,"date":"2025-02-19T11:45:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T16:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/?p=19311"},"modified":"2025-02-18T18:47:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T23:47:23","slug":"%e5%a4%96%e5%9c%8b%e5%ad%b8%e7%94%9f%e5%a4%a7%e5%b9%85%e4%b8%8b%e9%99%8d%e8%8b%b1%e6%b3%95%e8%aa%9e%e5%a4%a7%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%97%e5%bd%b1%e9%9f%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/archives\/19311","title":{"rendered":"\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u82f1\u6cd5\u8a9e\u5927\u5b78\u53d7\u5f71\u97ff"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/24-2-533x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/24-2-533x300.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/24-2-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/24-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.chinesepress.com\/pre\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/24-2.jpg 777w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u3010\u6642\u5831\u8a0a\u3011\u672c\u7701\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u9304\u53d6\u7387\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u52a0\u901a\u793e\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u56de\u8986\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9019\u901a\u8a0a\u793e\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u63a5\u6536\u6700\u591a\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u4f48\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u6578\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u50c5\u5a01\u8105\u6703\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u5118\u7ba1\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u9577\u7f85\u4f2f\u683c\uff08J. F. Roberge\uff09\u627f\u8afe\u5c07\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u5340\u6027\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4f86\u81ea\u5404\u5730\u7684\u547c\u8072\u4e0d\u65b7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u907f\u514d\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff08\u78a9\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\uff09\u5be6\u65bd\u914d\u984d\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u672c\u7701\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<br>\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u5373\u5c07\u63ed\u66c9<br>\u5728\u90e8\u9577\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5c07\u5f88\u5feb\u901a\u904e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u76f4\u8aaa\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u5340\u57df\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u610f\u5716\u3002\u300d\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u9858\u610f\u56de\u7b54\u5169\u6b21\u88ab\u554f\u53ca\u95dc\u65bc\u4fdd\u8b77\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9031\u671f\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<br>\u6839\u64da\u672c\u7701\u7d71\u8a08\u5c40\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u672c\u7701\u5341\u4e03\u9593\u5927\u5b78\u5171\u63a5\u6536\u4e94\u842c\u516d\u5343\u591a\u540d\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f54\u5168\u7701\u5345\u842c\u516d\u5343\u591a\u540d\u5b78\u751f\u7e3d\u6578\u7684\u767e\u5206\u5341\u516b\u9ede\u56db\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u534a\uff08\u767e\u5206\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u9ede\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u8655\u65bc\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u516d\u9593\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u4f54\u5b78\u751f\u7e3d\u6578\u7684\u767e\u5206\u5eff\u4e94\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<br>\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u9059\u9059\u9818\u5148\u7684\u662f\u9b41\u5927\u65d7\u4e0b\u7684\u7701\u7acb\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u9662 (INRS)\uff0c\u8a72\u9662\u767e\u5206\u516d\u5341\u4e03\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4f86\u81ea\u6d77\u5916\u3002\u9019\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u8a72\u9662\u53ea\u6709\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u3002<br>\u7136\u800c\u767c\u8a00\u4eba\u863f\u78a7\u5a9e\uff08J. Robert\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u4e8c0\u4e8c\u56db\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u8207\u4e8c0\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u6578\u91cf\u6e1b\u5c11\u767e\u5206\u5345\u4e8c\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c0\u4e00\u4e5d\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u81f3\u4e8c0\u4e8c\u4e09\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u6578\u91cf\u589e\u9577\u767e\u5206\u4e00\u767e\u96f6\u4e03\u3002\u300d<br>\u300c\u770b\u4f86\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5df2\u7d93\u5f71\u97ff\u5168\u570b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7701\u7acb\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u914d\u984d\u53ea\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u6d77\u5916\u6f5b\u5728\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u7684\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u300d\u5979\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u61b6\u8aaa\u300c\u4efb\u4f55\u5be6\u969b\u6216\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u969c\u7919\u90fd\u53ea\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u7701\u7acb\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u548c\u672c\u7701\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u3002\u300d<br>Chicoutimi\u9b41\u5927\u4f4d\u5c45\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u4e8c\u5343\u4e03\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u540d\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f54\u5b78\u751f\u7e3d\u6578\uff08\u4e03\u5343\u4e8c\u767e\u4e03\u5341\u516d\u540d\uff09\u7684\u767e\u5206\u5345\u4e03\u9ede\u516b\u3002\u8a72\u6821\u50b3\u64ad\u7e3d\u76e3\u62c9\u8299\u62c9\u59c6 (M. K. Laflamme) \u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u62db\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u6548\uff1a\u300c\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u986f\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u300d<br>\u5979\u8aaa\uff0c\u6e25\u592a\u83ef\u548c\u9b41\u5e02\u7684\u8072\u660e\u2014\u2014\u9084\u627f\u8afe\u6e1b\u5c11\u767c\u653e\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7c3d\u8b49\u6578\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5df2\u7522\u751f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u300c\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u6240\u6709\u8ab2\u7a0b\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u6578\u90fd\u5728\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u300d<br>\u96d6\u7136\u5979\u5e0c\u671b\u7b49\u5230\u62db\u751f\u671f\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u518d\u516c\u4f48\u5177\u9ad4\u6578\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7d93\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u5831\u540d\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u300d\u3002<br>\u672c\u7701\u9ad8\u7b49\u79d1\u6280\u5b78\u9662 (ETS) \u4e5f\u96b8\u5c6c\u65bc\u9b41\u5927\uff0c\u7d04\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u540d\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u5c31\u8b80\u65bc\u8a72\u6821\uff0c\u4f54\u5b78\u751f\u7e3d\u6578\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00 (\u767e\u5206\u5345\u4e09\u9ede\u4e09)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f4d\u5217\u699c\u55ae\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u3002\u8a72\u6821\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u7e3d\u76e3\u72c4\u9f4a\u7dad\u5229(J. A. D\u2019Etcheverry)\u5831\u544a\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u79cb\u5b63\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u6578\u5448\u73fe\u660e\u986f\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u9810\u8a08\u51ac\u5b63\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u964d\u5e45\u5c07\u9054\u5230\u767e\u5206\u5345\u81f3\u56db\u5341\uff0c\u9019\u8868\u660e\u8a72\u4e3b\u984c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u5df2\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9810\u8a08\u4e0b\u5c46\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u8a3b\u518a\u4eba\u6578\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u611f\u5230\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u300d\u4ed6\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<br>\u9b41\u5927\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u4efd\u662f\u7701\u7acb\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u5b78\u9662 (ENAP)\uff0c\u8a72\u5b78\u9662\u6709\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5343\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9031\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u767e\u5206\u5eff\u4e5d\u9ede\u4e94\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5916\u3002\u5728\u7f85\u67cf\u683c\u90e8\u9577\u5be6\u65bd\u9650\u984d\u7684\u610f\u5716\u5c1a\u672a\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u77e5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8a72\u5b78\u9662\u4e0d\u9858\u767c\u8868\u8a55\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6839\u64da\u50b3\u5a92\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u6578\u5df2\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u64da\u3002<br>\u9ea5\u57fa\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8a72\u6821\u4e09\u842c\u4e03\u5343\u540d\u5b78\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e00\u842c\u516b\u767e\u540d\uff0c\u4f54\u7e3d\u5b78\u751f\u4eba\u6578\u7684\u767e\u5206\u5eff\u4e5d\u3002\u5176\u5a92\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u900f\u904e\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u56de\u8986\u50b3\u5a92\uff1a\u300c\u9ea5\u57fa\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u5206\u4eab\u8207\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u300d<br>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e94\u65e5\u5c3174\u6cd5\u6848\u9032\u884c\u78cb\u5546\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u8a72\u5927\u5b78\u8207\u6eff\u5730\u53ef\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u820d\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b\uff08Sherbrooke\uff09\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u62c9\u5a03\u5927\u5b78\u5728\u806f\u5408\u7c21\u5831\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u4e0a\u9650\u554f\u984c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u6b77\u5c46\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u7701\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u6b64\u7d66\u793e\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5404\u5927\u5b78\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u679c \u2026\u7136\u800c74\u6cd5\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u62b9\u53bb\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u679c\u3002\u8a72\u6cd5\u6848\u5c07\u900f\u904e\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5927\u5e45\u6e1b\u5c11\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7d66\u672c\u7701\u5e36\u4f86\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u300d<br>\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2<br>\u6700\u5f8c\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u516d\u7684\u662f\u6eff\u5e02\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff08Ecole Polytechnique\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u6821\u6709\u4e8c\u5343\u516d\u767e\u591a\u540d\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f54\u5b78\u751f\u7e3d\u6578\u7684\u767e\u5206\u5eff\u4e03\u9ede\u4e03\u3002\u300c\u5728\u6eff\u5e02\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4e8c0\u4e8c\u4e94\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u4eba\u6578\u8207\u53bb\u5e74\u540c\u671f\u76f8\u6bd4\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u300d\u5b78\u9662\u50b3\u64ad\u90e8\u7684\u9ea5\u897f\u4e9e\u91cc\uff08C. Merciari\uff09\u5beb\u9053\u3002<br>\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u611f\u5230\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u548c\u8a3b\u518a\u4eba\u6578\u771f\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u5c07\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5404\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5275\u65b0\u9805\u76ee\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u300d\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u5728\u4e09\u6708\u4e00\u65e5\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u5165\u5b78\u7533\u8acb\u622a\u6b62\u65e5\u671f\u81e8\u8fd1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\u793a\u64d4\u6182\u3002<br>\u570b\u969b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<br>\u9ea5\u897f\u4e9e\u91cc\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5916\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u884c\u696d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u9805\u76ee\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6eff\u5e02\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u6709\u8fd1\u767e\u5206\u516d\u5341\u7684\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u548c\u8fd1\u767e\u5206\u4e03\u5341\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5c0d\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u672c\u820c\u6839\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u300d<br>\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u884c\u653f\u9996\u9577\u53ef\u6069 (M. Cohen) \u672c\u4eba\u65bc\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u4e94\u65e5\u5728\u6cd5\u6587\u6642\u5831\uff08La Presse\uff09\u4e0a\u5c31\u6b64\u767c\u8868\u516c\u958b\u8072\u660e\u3002\u300c\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u8fd1\u767e\u5206\u516d\u5341\u7684\u78a9\u58eb\u751f\u548c\u8fd1\u767e\u5206\u4e03\u5341\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u4f86\u81ea\u570b\u5916\uff0c\u300d\u5979\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u4e26\u88dc\u5145\u9053\u767e\u5206\u4e03\u5341\u4e94\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7562\u696d\u751f\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u672c\u7701\u3002\u79d1\u6069\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u624d\u4e0d\u4f86\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u53bb\u5225\u8655\u3002\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u70ba\u9650\u5236\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5165\u5b78\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u5b78\u6c7a\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u62db\u6536\u672c\u7701\u5b78\u751f\u3002<br>\u62db\u52df\u6700\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\u548c\u5b78\u751f<br>\u7701\u7acb\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u9662\u7e3d\u5e79\u4e8b\u5409\u62c9\u591a\uff08L. A. Giraldeau\uff09\u4e5f\u65bc\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u4e00\u65e5\u5728Le Devoir\u6cd5\u6587\u65e5\u5831\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u5c01\u610f\u898b\u4fe1 \u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u570b\u969b\u5b58\u5728\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u62db\u52df\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u62db\u52df\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8a8d\u9084\u70ba\uff0c\u4e9b\u5b78\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u4ecd\u7559\u5728\u672c\u7701\uff0c\u4e26\u4f5c\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<br>\u9019\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u72c4\u9f4a\u7dad\u5229\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0b\u964d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u6211\u5011\u70ba\u672c\u7701\u9805\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u9700\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7531\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u6700\u70ba\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u6703\u5c0d\u4f01\u696d\u61c9\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u300d<br>\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53c3\u8207<br>\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u672c\u7701\u9996\u5e2d\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u594e\u91cc\u7fc1 (R. Quirion) \u4e5f\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5341\u56db\u65e5Le Devoir\u6cd5\u6587\u65e5\u5831\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u61b6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u6c92\u6709\u5916\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u795e\u7d93\u9000\u5316\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u6210\u70ba\u4e16\u754c\u9818\u5148\u8005\u3002\u300d\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\u64da\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u751a\u81f3\u589e\u52a0\u5b78\u751f\u6578\u91cf\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u5728\u672c\u7701\u8868\u73fe\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u672c\u7701\u548c\u6211\u570b\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\uff08\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u822a\u5929\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e7e\u500b\u9818\u57df\uff09\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u9084\u5efa\u8b70\u653f\u5e9c\u81f3\u5c11\u5c07\u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u5b78\u751f\u6392\u9664\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u3002<br>\u91d1\u9322\u554f\u984c<br>\u6574\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u53ea\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u6216\u9593\u63a5\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u4ed6\u5011\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u91d1\u9322\u3002\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u6578\u91cf\u7684\u6e1b\u5c11\u90fd\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u6536\u5165\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u640d\u5931\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u8cbb\u6bd4\u672c\u7701\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u5b78\u8cbb\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a\u3002<br>\u4f8b\u5982\u7701\u7acb\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u4f54\u767e\u5206\u516d\u5341\u4e03\u9ede\u4e09\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u78a9\u58eb\u6216\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u751f\u6bcf\u5b78\u671f\u9700\u652f\u4ed8\u4e5d\u5343\u516d\u767e\u5345\u516d\u5143\u4e00\u842c\u4e8c\u5343\u96f6\u56db\u5341\u516b\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u7701\u5404\u7d1a\u5b78\u751f\u6bcf\u5b78\u671f\u7684\u5b78\u8cbb\u70ba\u4e00\u5343\u516d\u767e\u56db\u5341\u56db\u5143\uff08\u6b64\u8655\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6578\u64da\u5747\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u5e74\u8cc7 &#8211; 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